Readings

I. Primary Readings

1. Works by Wittgenstein

1. Philosophical Investigations - Anscombe translation in a bilingual edition §§ 81-87, 138-184, 185-242 , 374, 379-381, 431-433, 692-3, Part II, section xi, pp. 225-227

2. Philosophical Investigations - Hacker/Schulte translation in a bilingual edition §§ 81-87, 138-184, 185-242 , 374, 379-381, 431-433, 692-3, Philosophy of Psychology: a Fragment, 341-352

3. Philosophical Investigations - Hacker/Schulte revisions of the Anscombe translation (crossed-out portions: revised sections of the Anscombe translation; pink-highlighted portions: Hacker/Schulte revisions of those sections).

4. Blue Book, pp. 33-34; Brown Book, pp. 141-4

5. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Part I, §§ 1-5, 113-134; Part VI, §§ 17 -49; Part VII, §§ 26 - 27, 39-40, 47-60, 67

6. Zettel §§ 276-280, 299-319. 

7. Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology II, §§ 398- 414.

2. Background Readings from Primary Sources

1. Gottlob Frege Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (in German here)

2. Quotes from Frege on Sign and Symbol

3. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus

• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus  3.3-3.326
• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 5.473-5.47331
• 
  

4. Additional Background Reading from Philosophical Investigations (Anscombe version)

PI, 437, 454, 464, 499-500, 506,

II. Background Secondary Readings on 185-242 

1. Elizabeth Anscombe, "The Reality of the Past" 

2.  Gordon P. Baker and P.M.S. Hacker,

•  Rules, Grammar and Necessity, 2nd edition, 2009, Chs 4-5

• "Malcolm on Language and Rules", Philosophy 65 (1990), pp. 163-79.

  
  

2. Robert Brandom, some brief excerpts from Making It Explicit

3. Jason Bridges,

• Rule-Following Skepticism, Properly So-Called

• “Meaning and Understanding”, forthcoming in A Companion to Wittgenstein, ed. John Hyman and Hans-Johann Glock, Wiley-Blackwell.
• 
  

4. Silver Bronzo

• "Wittgenstein and Theories of Meaning",

• "Frege's Contextualism",

• "Context, Compositionality and Nonsense in the Tractatus"

• "Frege on Symbols Signs and Figures" (excerpts)

5. Stanley Cavell, "The Argument of the Ordinary"

6. James Conant 

• "Varieties of Skepticism"

•  Two Varieties of Skepticism 

7. Cora Diamond

• "Rules: Looking in the Right Place" in Wittgenstein: Attention to Particulars, ed. D.Z. Philllips and Peter Winch, Macmillan, 1989, pp. 12-34.

• Realism and the Realistic Spirit

• The Face of Necessity

8. Rudolph Carnap 

• "Elimination of Metaphysics through the Logical Analysis of Language"

• "Überwindung der Metaphysik durch logische Analyse der Sprache"

9. Michael Dummett, “Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Mathematics”, from 1959 (reprinted in Truth and Other Enigmas).

10. Gary Ebbs

• Comments on Warren Goldfarb’s “Rule-Following Revisited”
• "Wittgenstein on Rules", forthcoming in Glock and Hyman, eds., A Companion to Wittgenstein, Blackwell

11. David Finkelstein

•  "Holism and Animal Minds"; 

• "Wittgenstein on Rules and Platonism" in The New Wittgenstein, ed. Alice Crary and Rupert Read, Routledge, 2000, pp. 53-73.

12.  Juliet Floyd, "Wittgenstein on 2, 2, 2...The Opening Of Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics", in Synthese 87 (1991), pp. 143-80.

13. Hannah Ginsborg "Meaning Understanding and Normativity"  in the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume lxxxvi

14. Warren Goldfarb

• Wittgenstein on Understanding 

• Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations, Professor Warren Goldfarb, Lecture XIV: §§185-203

• Warren Goldfarb course on PI 

• “Rule-Following Revisited”, in Wittgenstein and the Philosophy of Mind, ed. Jonathan Ellis and Daniel Guevara, Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 73-90.

15. Martin Gustafsson, "The rule-follower and his community", in Language Sciences, 2004, pp 125-145

16. Matthias Haase 

• "The Laws of Thought and the Power of Thinking"
• "Three Forms of the First Person Plural"

17. Adrian Haddock "Meaning, Justification and Primitive Normativity" in the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume lxxxvi

18. 

19. Norman Malcolm, 'Wittgenstein on Language and Rules", in Malcolm, Wittgensteinian Themes, pp. 145-171, reprinted from Philosophy 64 (1989), pp.5-28.

20. John McDowell

• "Wittgenstein on Following a Rule"; in McDowell, Mind, Value, and Reality, Harvard University Press, 1998

• "Meaning and Intentionality in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy" in McDowell, Mind, Value, and Reality, Harvard University Press, 1998, pp. 263-78, originally published in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, ed. Peter French et al., University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 40-52.

• "Are Meaning, Understanding, Etc., Definite States?"

• “How Not to Read Philosophical Investigations: Brandom’s Wittgenstein”, in McDowell, The Engaged Intellect: Philosophical Essays, Harvard University Press, 2009, pp. 96-112.

21. Ed Minar 

• "Paradox and Privacy": On §§ 201-202 of Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 54 (1994), pp. 43-75.

• "Wittgenstein and the 'contingency' of community” 

• “The Life of The Sign: Rule-following, Practice, and Agreement”, in The Oxford Handbook of Wittgenstein, ed. Oskari Kuusela and Marie McGinn, Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 276-293.

22. Barry Stroud, “Wittgenstein on Logical Necessity” (1965).

23. Julia Tanney, "Real Rules" in Synthese 171 3 (2009), pp. 499-507.


24. Crispin Wright, "Rule-Following without Reasons: Wittgenstein's Quietism and the Constitutive Question" , in John Preston's collection, Wittgenstein and Reason.

III. Kripke on 185-242 

1. Elizabeth Anscombe, “Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language”, in Anscombe, From Plato to Wittgenstein, ed. Mary Geach and Luke Gormally, Imprint Academic, 2011, pp. 231-246, reprinted from Ethics 95 (1985), pp. 342-352.

2. Warren Goldfarb - Kripke on Wittgnstein on Rules

3. Michael Kremer - Wilson on Kripke's Wittgenstein

4. Saul Kripke, Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Chs. 1 & 2 ; Ch. 3

5. George Wilson, "Semantic Realism and Kripke's Wittgenstein".

IV. Some Useful Additional Background Resources

1. Warren Goldfarb course on PI

http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k102082&pageid=icb.page660603

2. Some actual Wegweiser:

• http://www.bsswebsite.me.uk/A%20Short%20History%20of/waymarks.html
•  http://www.museum-prora.de/index.php?c=Wegweiser

3. Wittgenstein on Rule-Following in Relation to Literary and Legal Theory

1. Stone, Martin (2004a), “On the Old Saw: Every Reading of a Text Is an Interpretation.” In: John Gibson and Wolfgang Huemer (eds.), The Literary Wittgenstein, London: Routledge, 186– 208.
2. Stone, Martin (2004b), “Theory, Practice, and Ubiquitous Interpretation: The Basic.” In: Gary A. Olson and Lynn Worsham (eds.), Postmodern Sophistry: Stanley Fish and the Critical Enterprise, New York: University of New York.
3. Stone, Martin (2014), “Interpretation: Everyday and Philosophical.” In Andrea Kern & James Conant (eds.), Varieties of Skepticism: Essays After Kant, Wittgenstein, and Cavell. De Gruyter. 215-248 (2014)
4. Stone, Martin, “Wittgenstein and Deconstruction”(2000) in Alice Crary and Rupert Read (eds.), The New Wittgenstein, Routledge
5. Stone, Martin, "Focusing the Law"  (1995) in Andrei Marmor (ed.) Law and Interpretation Oxford: Clarendon.

V. Textual Genealogy of Sections 185 - 242

Peter Keicher

• TS 227 Komposition 1 (PDF)
• TS 227 Komposition (DOC)
• TS 227 Tables